Architecture of Italy 1945-1960. After the overthrow of fascism, Italian architecture was developed in an atmosphere of lifting the democratic movement, which opened in front of the Italian builders, as well as for all figures of Italian culture, more opportunities for creativity. This was particularly noticeable in the early postwar years, when in Italy, gave himself to know the current resistance movement during the period of antifascist unity of democratic forces, and when the first coalition governments composed of representatives of communist and socialist parties. The important role played by the significant changes that have occurred in post-war art of Italy, was formed when the so-called neorealisticheskoe direction in its literature, art and cinema. This socio-provoking true art has contributed to the development of rationalistic principles into the architecture. 

Since the mid 50's in Italy, increased social and economic contradictions, resulting in creative ability of architects have been limited. Instead of creating large-scale types of buildings that were typical of the period, recovery of the first post-war years, the main architects of attention being paid to the individual creative search. But the dire need for housing in urban and rural poor remain unmet, little attention is paid to build schools, hospitals and other facilities required the general population. 

Buildings by the project of architects, who drowned in the numerous buildings, professional and artistic level of which is very low and is largely determined by the tastes of bourgeois customer. Number of stores of this kind has increased in recent years, that was a legitimate concern of architectural awareness and sharp disagreements among the architects themselves. It is no coincidence that a group of young architects Turin stated that the difficulties of the Italian architecture created by «shameless power monopolies, speculators, latifundistov» 'and it is almost impossible to count on a fundamental change in the situation in modern Italy. In these circumstances, Italian architect and lead his search for artistic expression in plants, new principles of design, new forms of resettlement and housing. 

After the defeat of fascism in the architecture of Italy there are two main directions. One of them was connected with the theory of rationality, the other - with the theory of «organic architecture». 

The theory of organic architecture was highly developed in Italy by architect Bruno Dzevi, who graduated in 1940, Harvard University, worked in the United States and returned in 1943 to Italy. Here Dzevi published his first book «On the Organic Architecture», in which he outlined the sub-fractional theoretical situation of organic architecture in their application to the Italian. 

The theory of organic architecture in the first years after the overthrow of fascism in Italy, has acquired many followers, especially among young architects in Rome. Already in 1945 there appeared united their organization APAO. The team took the fight as an attempt to revive neoromansky style, and with rationality. 

Supporters of organic architecture 

at the time criticized the reason for making the technical and constructive manner to the main means of imaginative expression, encouraging the study of national traditions, to take into account local conditions, the use of local materials and the creative development of heritage, they noted a lack of attention to these issues rationalist. 

onalisty. 

But those other people knew only as individuals, their needs were considered by them as biological or individual psychology;: ethical, and depending on social status. Equal rights of people in the field of physical and social demands were not considered. 

In recognition of the functional architecture of one of the main supporters of organic architecture criticism of rationalism geometrizm schematic architectural forms, and called for free curved configurations, which, from their point of view, more gumanistichny and let you create interesting and varied songs. 

Italian rationalist those years, like their predecessors in the 20's and 30's, the development of a new architecture based on the achievements of construction equipment, on the use of precast elements. Rationalist opposed to individual began organic architecture - a reference to local materials, excessive passion bizarre shape, curved lines. Rationalist view that any architectural forms are allowed if they result from a functional necessity. Thus, the theoretical differences rationalist and pro-organic architecture 50's were essentially the field of artistic categories and to understand the form of conditionality. 

It is in theory and practice, supporters of organic architecture that they attach great importance to the organization of internal space. This fact has played a crucial role in the construction of buildings the mid 40's and 50's and reflected in the current direction of Italy. Dzevi example, consider an organic architecture like the architecture of space, noting that its essence is expressed in the comprehensive identification of the internal environment in which human life develops.